Some of the essential policy measures were declared and procedural simplifications were undertaken to opt for the above stated objectives. Following are some of the policy measures −
Liberalization of Industrial Licensing Policy
A list of goods demanding compulsory licensing is reviewed on an ongoing regular basis. Currently, only six industries are monitored under compulsory licensing mainly on account of environmental, safety and strategic considerations that need to be taken care of. In the same way, there are only three industries reserved specifically for the public sector. The lists of goods under compulsory licensing and industries reserved for the public sector are included in Appendix III and IV respectively.
Introduction of Industrial Entrepreneurs’ Memorandum (IEM)
Companies which don’t require compulsory licensing are expected to file an Industrial Entrepreneurs’ Memorandum (IEM) to the Secretariat for Industrial Assistance (SIA). Industrial approval is not needed for these types of exempted industries. Amendments are also permitted to IEM proposals filed after 1.7.1998.
Liberalization of the Locational Policy
A crucially reformed locational policy in tune with the liberalized licensing policy is in place. Approval from industries are not required from the Government for locations not within the range of 25 kms of the periphery of cities having a population of more than one million apart for those industries, where industrial licensing is compulsory. Non-polluting enterprises like electronics, computer software and printing can be located within 25 kms of the periphery of cities with more than one million population. Other industries are allowed in such locations only if they are located in an industrial area so designated prior to 25.7.91. Zoning and follow land use regulations as well as environmental legislations.
Policy for Small Scale Industries
Reservation of goods that are manufactured exclusively for small scale industries ensures effective measure for protecting this sector. Since 24th December 1999, entrepreneurial undertakings with a maximum investment up to rupees one crore are within the small scale and ancillary sector.
Non-Resident Indians Scheme
The general policy and provisions for Foreign Direct Investment as available to foreign investors or company are completely applicable for NRIs as well. With addition to this, the government has broadened some concessions mostly for NRIs and overseas corporate bodies having more than 60% stake by the NRIs. These include investment by NRI/OCB in the real estate and housing sectors, domestic airlines sector up to 100%.They are also permitted to invest up to 100% equity on non-repatriation basis in all activities except for a small negative list.
EHTP vs STP Scheme
For constructing strong electronics company along with a view to modify export, two schemes viz. Electronic Hardware Technology Park (EHTP) and Software Technology Park (STP) are in function. Under EHTP/STP scheme, the inputs are permitted to be procured free of duties.
Policy for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Promotion of FDI forms a vital part of India’s economic policies. The role of FDI in boosting economic growth is by way of infusion of capital, technology and modern management activities. The Department has put in place a liberal and transparent foreign investment egime where all the practices are opened to foreign investment on automatic route without any limit on the extent of foreign ownership.
